1. GREECE

The Archaic period of Greece is one of the most prominent time periods in the country as it laid the foundation for the Classical period of Greece, which is today known for laying the foundation of modern Western civilization. This period in Greek history began around 800 BC when Greece was beginning to emerge from the Dark Ages. Human civilizations started in Greece before 800 BC, which gradually evolved and transformed into today's modern era. During the Archaic period, the Greeks made great strides in art, literature, and technology, but the most important thing that happened during this time period was the invention of the city and state. Also, during this time period, the Greek alphabet was developed as well as the early institutions of democracy. Learning from Ancient Greece, later Roman Greece, Byzantine Greece, and Ottoman Greece, the time period of Modern Greece began after the Greek Revolution in 1821. 

2. INDIA

The oldest civilization of India is the Indus Valley Civilization which dates back to around 3300 BC and people have been living in India since then. Although these early people constituted one of the earliest urban civilizations in the world, India as a nation date back to the Vedic period which lasted from 1500 BCE – 600 CE. This time is called the Vedic period. This time period is named for the texts of the Vedas, which were composed orally in Vedic Sanskrit and provide an account of the Vedic culture. Vedic civilization laid the foundation of Hinduism in India and Indian civilization. However, in India, the Vedic texts are still worshiped and considered the most sacred. Along with this, there are many other indicated aspects in India that point to this. The first state or Janapada in India was formed in 1200 BCE and lasted till the end of the Vedic period. The end of the Vedic period saw the rise of Hinduism, Jainism, and Buddhism in India and the beginning of powerful dynasties that ruled India for the next three millennia. Modern India was established after the independence of 1947. There was a revolution in the country and the British were driven out.

3. ETHIOPIA

Human life in Ethiopia has been around for millions of years as researchers have found skeletal fragments belonging to Australopithecus afarensis, an ape-like creature that may have been the ancestor of modern humans, in Ethiopia. Were found in the area, these skeletal fragments may be approximately 3.4 million – 2.9 million years old. Life gradually flourished in Ethiopia, a complex society began to develop, and one of the first ancient states to be established was Dʿmt (Dumat), which lasted from c.980 BCE to c.400 BCE. In these developed states, people made advanced development of irrigation schemes, using plows, etc., and grew millet, and along with this, they made many iron tools and weapons. After the collapse of the Dumat kingdom, came the Aksumite Empire which rose to power around 100 AD and ended sometime in 940 AD. This kingdom was followed by the Zagwe dynasty, and then the Solomonic dynasty – ruled Ethiopia. The monarchy continued to rule Ethiopia until 1974.

4. JAPAN

Japan always refers to 660 BC as the date of the country's founding because Japan was founded when Emperor Jimmu, the first Emperor of Japan, ascended the throne and began the Imperial Dynasty of Japan. Emperor Jimmu is considered a mythical emperor of Japan and is believed to be a descendant of the sun goddess Amaterasu – the emperor was recorded as the first emperor of Japan in two early histories, the Kojiki and the Nihon Shoki. The earliest emperors of Japan, after Emperor Jimmu, are also considered mythical because there is absolutely no evidence and proof that they actually existed. Although historians have not been able to determine whether these early emperors actually existed, they do know that people began to arrive in Japan from the Asian mainland around 13000 BCE and that the earliest recorded history of Japan dates back to the Kofun period (c. This information is available from AD 538.